关键词： Video transcoding analysis   Dataset   Edge transcoding   Mobile edge computing  

摘要： The developments in smartphones, high data rates, and substantial video data traffic have increased the burden on cellular networks. Consequently, this burden significantly affects the Quality of Experience of the cellular users leading to an increased network delay for the diverse video content requests. To accommodate the requests from different users with varying requirements, one of the promising solutions is to cache videos in the near vicinity of users and transcode them online. The online transcoding is performed at the edge level of the cellular network to minimize the network delay and use the bandwidth efficiently. However, the feasibility of online transcoding is significantly affected by various factors, such as the codecs, configurations of virtual machines, the cost incurred, and estimated time to complete the transcoding task, among other parameters. Although online transcoding is discussed in the literature adequately, few studies discuss the feasibility of online transcoding while considering all the aforementioned critical parameters. This study examined the effects of a diverse range of critical parameters on the feasibility of online transcoding. We performed extensive simulations on the local machine environment to study various possible factors affecting online transcoding in detail. We then transcoded the same videos on Amazon Elastic Cloud Computing (EC2) Virtual Machines (VMs) to further study realistic cloud settings with fine-tuned configurations. Our experiments show the superior performance of some codecs and the effects of machine configurations on transcoding tasks duration. We aim to provide a benchmark for practitioners and researchers considering online transcoding in real-time multimedia applications.

关键词： Mobile edge computing   Internet of things   Service collaboration   Multimedia contents  

摘要： In recent years, cloud computing can provide efficient data storage and processing infrastructure for Internet of things (IoT). However, the complete centralization of cloud computing brings inevitable limitations, such as the inability to support real-time service response. Mobile edge computing can solve the problems caused by traditional cloud computing. By placing computing and storage resources at the edge of the mobile network near the user, mobile edge computing extends the ability of cloud computing at the edge of the network. The advantage of mobile edge computing is that it reduces the amount of data sent to the cloud. Therefore, data processing is more flexible and convenient. Mobile edge computing can realize lower latency and higher data processing ratio, which will play an important role in the future application of IoT. Firstly, a system model for the application scenario is established, which is a real-time and context aware service resource collaboration model. Then a service collaboration method based on mobile edge computing is designed, which mainly includes service function description, service collaboration process and algorithm design. Finally, the simulation experiments are carried out. Compared with the other two existing methods, our method can effectively reduce service execution time and improve the success ratio of service requests. So the method presented in this paper is more effective and reliable. We provide a solution for service collaboration method based on mobile edge computing in IoT, which can make better use of various service resources.

关键词： Backscatter communication   Mobile edge computing   WSCB  

摘要： This article considers a backscatter-aided wireless powered mobile edge computing (BC-aided WPMEC) network, in which the tasks data of each Internet of Things (IoT) device can be computed locally or offloaded to the MEC server via backscatter communications, and design a resource allocation scheme regarding the weighted sum computation bits (WSCB) maximization of all the IoT devices. Towards this end, by optimizing the mobile edge computing (MEC) server's transmit power, IoT devices' power reflection coefficients, local computing frequencies and time, the time allocation between the energy harvesting and task offloading, as well as the binary offloading decision at each IoT device, we built a WSCB maximization problem, which belongs to a non-convex mixed integer programming problem. For solving this, the proof by contradiction and the objective function's monotonicity are considered to determine the optimal local computing time of each IoT device and the optimal transmit power of the MEC server, and the time-sharing relaxation (TSR) is adopted to tackle the integer variables, which are used to simplify the original problem. Then, we decouple the simplified problem into two sub-problems by means of the block coordinate decent (BCD) technology, and each of the sub-problems is transformed to a convex one by introducing auxiliary variables. Based on this, we design a two-stage alternative (TSA) optimization algorithm to solve the formulated WSCB problem. Computer simulations validate that the TSA algorithm has a fast convergent rate and also demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves a higher WSCB than the existing schemes.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile edge computing   Mobile cloud computing   Cloud-edge collaboration   Task offloading   Lyapunov optimization  

摘要： Due to the limitation of computing resources and storage resources, mobile edge computing cannot cope with the massive data generated by the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, traditional mobile cloud computing has rich computing resources. Therefore, through the construction of cloud computing and edge computing collaborative system, high bandwidth and low latency network services for the Internet of things can be provided. Based on Lyapunov optimization theory, the resource allocation and power consumption in cloud-edge collaborative system are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a cloud-edge collaboration architecture is proposed, then by establishing the dynamic queue model of cloud computing server and edge computing server, and combining with the system power function to form a drift plus penalty function framework, the problem is reduced to a constrained optimization problem. Finally, the offloading algorithm based on congestion is given. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization scheme can effectively reduce the overall power consumption and congestion of cloud-edge collaborative system.

关键词： IoT   collaborative inference   deep neural networks   distributed computing   DNN splitting   task offloading   mobile edge computing  

摘要： Motivated by the pervasiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in the current "smart everything" scenario, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent research at the intersection of both domains, focusing on the design and development of specific mechanisms for enabling a collaborative inference across edge devices towards the in situ execution of highly complex state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs), despite the resource-constrained nature of such infrastructures. In particular, the review discusses the most salient approaches conceived along those lines, elaborating on the specificities of the partitioning schemes and the parallelism paradigms explored, providing an organized and schematic discussion of the underlying workflows and associated communication patterns, as well as the architectural aspects of the DNNs that have driven the design of such techniques, while also highlighting both the primary challenges encountered at the design and operational levels and the specific adjustments or enhancements explored in response to them.

关键词： Marine vehicles   Collision avoidance   Rivers   Blockchains   Navigation   Computer architecture   Real-time systems   Water transportation systems   internet of ships   cooperative collision avoidance   deep federated learning   mobile edge computing   consortium blockchain  

摘要： Cooperative collision avoidance between inland waterway ships is among the envisioned services on the Internet of Ships. Such a service aims to support safe navigation while optimizing ships' trajectories. However, to deploy it, timely and accurate prediction of ships' positioning with real-time reactions is needed to anticipate collisions. In such a context, ships positions are usually predicted using advanced Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Traditionally, ML schemes require that the data be processed in a centralized way, e.g., a cloud data center managed by a third party. However, these schemes are not suitable for the collisions avoidance service due to the inaccessibility of ships' positioning data by this third party, and allowing connected ships to get access to sensitive information. Therefore, in this paper, we design a new cooperative collision avoidance system for inland ships, while ensuring data security and privacy. Our system is based on deep federated learning to collaboratively build a model of ship positioning prediction, while avoiding sharing their private data. In addition, it is deployed at multi-access edge computing (MEC) level to provide low-latency communication to ensure fast responses during collision detection. Furthermore, it relies on Blockchain and smart contracts to ensure trust and valid communications between ships and MEC nodes. We evaluate the proposed system using a generated dataset representing ships mobility in France. The results, which demonstrate the accuracy of our prediction model, prove the effectiveness of our cooperative collision avoidance system in ensuring timely and reliable communications and avoiding collisions between ships.

关键词： Mobile edge computing   Big data analytics   Outlier detection   Machine learning   Outlier detection   Internet of Things  

摘要： In recent times, the Internet of Things and big data analytics have become a hot research topic in mobile edge computing (MEC) desires wide-ranging research works for intelligent decision making. In this view, this paper designs an intelligent outlier detection with machine learning empowered big data analytics (IODML-BDA) for MEC. The proposed model involves an adaptive synthetic sampling-based outlier detection technique to eradicate the existence of outliers. Besides, the oppositional swallow swarm optimization (OSSO) based feature selection technique is used to choose an effective set of features. Finally, long short-term memory based classification model is employed to identify different class labels. The design of OSSO algorithm for feature selection with ADASYN technique for big data analytics show the novelty of the work. A comprehensive experimental analysis is carried out on GPS trajectories, movement prediction, water treatment plant, hepatitis, and Twitter datasets to confirm the experimental results. The experimentation outcomes pointed out that the proposed IODML-BDA model achieves the higher accuracy of 0.9735, 0.9816, 0.9798, 0.9896, and 0.9912 on the applied datasets.

关键词： Mobile edge computing   Machine learning   Deep learning   Data offloading   Cyberattack detection   QoE  

摘要： Due to the advancements of high-speed networks, mobile edge computing (MEC) has received significant attention to bring processing and storage resources in client's proximity. The MEC is also a form of Edge Network or In-network computing where the resources are brought closer to the user end (edge) of the network while increasing QoE. On the other hand, the increase in the utilization of the internet of things (IoT) gadgets results in the generation of cybersecurity issues. In recent times, the advent of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques paves way in the detection of existing traffic conditions, data offloading, and cyberattacks in MEC. With this motivation, this study designs an effective deep learning based data offloading and cyberattack detection (DL-DOCAD) technique for MEC. The goal of the DL-DOCAD technique is to enhance the QoE in MEC systems. The proposed DL-DOCAD technique comprises traffic prediction, data offloading, and attack detection. The DL-DOCAD model applies a gated recurrent unit (GRU) based predictive model for traffic detection. In addition, an adaptive sampling cross entropy (ASCE) approach is employed for the maximization of throughput and decision making for offloading users. Moreover, the birds swarm algorithm based feed forward neural network (BSA-FFNN) model is used as a detector for cyberattacks in MEC. The utilization of BSA to appropriately tune the parameters of the FFNN helps to boost the classification performance to a maximum extent. A comprehensive set of simulations are performed and the resultant experimental values highlight the improved performance of the DL-DOCAD technique with the maximum detection accuracy of 0.992.

关键词： Content caching   Mobile edge computing   Popularity prediction  

摘要： Mobile edge computing (MEC) enables intelligent content caching at the network edge to reduce traffic and enhance content delivery efficiency. In MEC architecture, popular content can be deployed at the MEC server to improve users' quality of experience (QoE). Existing content caching techniques attempt to improve cache hits but do not consider users' preferences while estimating the popularity of content. Knowing users' preferences is beneficial and essential for efficient content caching. This paper proposes Content Popularity and User Preferences aware content caching (CoPUP) in MEC. The proposed scheme uses content-based collaborative filtering first to analyze the user-content matrix and identify the relationships between different contents. The convolution neural network model (CNN) is used to predict users' preferences. The CoPUP significantly improves cache performance, enhances cache hit ratio, and reduces response time. The simulation experiments are conducted based on the real dataset from Movielens. The proposed CoPUP technique is compared with three baseline techniques namely Least Frequently Used (LFU), Least Recently Used (LRU), First-In-First-Out (FIFO) and a state-of-the-art technique Mobility-Aware Proactive edge caching scheme based on federated learning (MPCF). The experimental results reveal that the proposed model achieves 2% higher cache hit ratio and faster response time compared with baseline and state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： mobile edge computing   software defined network   deep reinforcement learning   hybrid computation offloading   load balancing  

摘要： With the growth of the Internet of Things, smart devices are subsequently generating a large number of computation-intensive and latency-sensitive tasks. Mobile edge computing can provide resources in close proximity, greatly reducing service latency and alleviating congestion in mobile core networks. Due to the instability of the mobile edge computing environment, it was difficult to guarantee the quality of service for users. To address this problem, a hybrid computation offloading framework based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) in IoT is proposed. The framework is a system consisting of edge servers and user devices. It is used to acquire the environment state through Software Defined Network technologies and generate the offloading strategy by Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient. The optimization objectives in this paper include the total system overhead of the mobile edge computing system, and considering both network load and computational load, an optimal offloading strategy can be obtained to enable users to obtain a better quality of service. Finally, the experimental results show that the algorithm outperforms the comparison algorithm and can reduce the system latency by 20%, while the network load and computational load are also more stable.