关键词:
人工智能
ChatGPT
智慧司法
正当性
摘要:
数智时代,人工智能在司法领域的应用持续扩大,引发了关于“人工智能法官独立司法正当性”的重要争议。尽管学界对此问题的立场存在较大分歧,但从各个角度分析,人工智能法官均不具备独立司法的正当性。首先,从人工智能的内在属性来看,其缺乏感性能力这一人类司法的重要特质;其次,就治理者视角而言,使用人工智能法官独立司法将被治理对象单纯地视为实现治理目标的工具,而非目的;再次,从被治理者的规范性认识出发,接受人工智能的审判违背了人类社会的基本规范性认知;最后,从庭审程序的层面分析,人工智能法官的独立司法将导致传统庭审仪式感的丧失,从而削弱公众对法律的尊重与信任。因此,在司法实践中应审慎应用人工智能,始终维护人的主体地位,使其作为辅助工具,而非独立承担司法职能。In the era of digital intelligence, the expanding application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the judicial field has sparked significant debate regarding the legitimacy of AI judges’ independent adjudication. Although scholarly opinions on this issue diverge considerably, a comprehensive analysis reveals that AI judges lack the legitimacy to undertake independent judicial functions. Firstly, from the perspective of AI’s intrinsic attributes, it lacks the emotional capacity that is a crucial characteristic of human judicial decision-making. Secondly, from the perspective of governance, employing AI for independent adjudication reduces individuals to mere tools for achieving governance objectives, rather than recognizing them as ends in themselves. Thirdly, from the viewpoint of normative recognition, subjecting individuals to AI judgments contravenes fundamental normative understandings in human society. Lastly, at the procedural level, the use of AI for independent adjudication could erode the ceremonial essence of traditional courtroom processes, thereby diminishing public respect for and trust in the legal system. Therefore, the application of AI in judicial practice must be approached with caution, ensuring the primacy of human agency and restricting AI to an auxiliary role rather than allowing it to independently perform judicial functions.